A seven month old female kid was presented with bulging of right upper eyelid. Through clinical examination was performed and Trans-palpebral ultrasound examination revealed cyst. The circumscribed cyst was removed following a stab incision on mid of palpebral conjunctiva under local analgesia. Microscopic examination confirmed the coenurus cyst. The kid made an uneventful recovery.

The study was conducted on in twelve thrush affected horses, which were grouped as Group A (trimming with medicinal treatment, n=6) and Group B (Medicinal treatment alone, n=6). The effectiveness of trimming was assessed with measurements of hoof before and after treatment. Statistical analysis revealed apparently less median recovery time (8.5 Vs. 11 days) and significant increase in frog size in horses treated with trimming. Results showed that therapeutic trimming helped in recovery of thrush by reducing time and also improved development of frog area by correction of hoof balance.

The most common of congenital defect is dicephalus, its mean the fetus born with duplicated head and complete separation of the head. In our case A-6-years old pregnant of hybrid saanin goats was delivered manually the male kid of goat was born dead [its died inside of the uterus before delivered] and the dam she died after 9 hours from parturition. the kid had single body and four nose, four ears, four eyes, two mouth, two mandibles, two maxillae, with two forelimbs, and two hind limbs. The best method for obstetrical intervention is by manually deliver of dam goat to relief the dystocia condition, and sometimes we need to do C-section in complicated cases or due to abnormalities fetus presentation. Dicephalic fetus in hybrid saanin goat may be occur due to predisposing factors that are mentioned previously in our report.

Bovine neosporosis is caused by Neospora caninum, a protozoan parasite that causes lifelong infection. Abortion is often the only observed sign of disease. There is no effective treatment and vaccine efficacy is questionable Infection with N. caninum can result in early embryonic death, abortion, stillbirth or a weak, abnormal calf. Neospora caninum is a protozoon that was originally described as a parasite in dogs, in which it causes myositis and encephalitis. Bovine neosporosis is now recognized as a major cause of spontaneous abortion in cattle. It is highly suspected on 20% of the farms with repeated abortions and a cow that is seropositive for Neospora caninum has a threefold greater risk of aborting than a cow that is Neospora-negative. Neospora is responsible for 21% of spontaneous abortions occurring in an individual animal. This percentage rises to 33% for the herd as a whole. Verticle transmission is the rule (at least 80% of the calves born to seropositive cows are infected). Serotesting before the calf’s first colostrum intake will reveal prenatal infection.

This study was conducted to detect Eimeria tenella and Ascaridia galli in migratory Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). To idientify the protozoan and intestinal prasite of wild birds Out of 300 fecal samples of birds processed through microscopy, 218 (72.6%) were positive for Eimeria oocysts. Length, width and shape index of oocysts of E. tenella were 21.7 ± 1.29 µm, 19.5 ± 1.9 µm and 1.27± 0.12, respectively. The oocysts of E. tenella were further confirmed by PCR targeting mitochondrial fragment CO-1 gene (727bp). BLAST results of the sequence showed similarity (99%) to E. tenella (JX853830.1). Furthermore, 230 birds were slaughtered; gastro-intestinal tracts (GIT) were collected and examined for the presence of parasitic infestation, out of which 120 quails were found positive (52.17%) for Ascaridia galli. In molecular study the targeted gene, CO-1 (Cytochrome oxide-1), was used for the identification of Ascaridia galli. The result of sequence revealed 99% similarity of Ascaridia galli on BLAST with Ascaridia galli of chicken. In conclusion, molecular methods are best for species identification of Eimeria. tenella and Ascaridia galli. Finally, migratory Quails are potential risk factors for dispersal of protozoans and nematodes which then may infect and infest local and commercial chicken, respectively.

West Nile virus (WNV) mainly infects birds, horses and human. 736 serum samples from horses, donkeys and chickens from Khartoum, Nyala, Atbara, Wad Madani and Elobied regions were collected and tested for flavivirusantibodies by blocking ELISA and confirmed the presence of WNV antibodies 64.81% (477/736*100); 102 (94.44%) of 108 sera from naturally exposed horses and in 229(88.75% )of 260 sera from donkeys and146(39.67%) of 368 sera from chicken. The highest prevalence was recorded in Khartoum locality and the lowest prevalence was demonstrated in Elobied locality. These results provide evidence of the circulation of WNV in horses, donkeys and chickens in different states in Sudan. This paper present seroprevalence investigation of WNV in horses, donkeys and chickens for the first time in Sudan. Further research study should be taken in the Spread, transmission, isolation and control of the disease.